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Comparing Cicero's "De Officiis", Thomas Jefferson's "Social Duties", and Epicurean Philosophy

  • Cassius
  • July 23, 2025 at 11:25 AM
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  • Kalosyni
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    • July 23, 2025 at 11:25 AM
    • #1

    Cassius Admin Edit: Cicero's "De Officiis" is one of his most famous works. From Wikipedia:

    The legacy of De Officiis is profound. Although not a Christian work, in 390 St. Ambrose declared it legitimate for the Church to use (along with everything else Cicero, and the equally popular Roman philosopher Seneca, had written). It became a moral authority during the Middle Ages. Of the Church Fathers, St. Augustine, St. Jerome and even more so St. Thomas Aquinas, are known to have been familiar with it.[12] Illustrating its importance, some 700 handwritten copies remain extant in libraries around the world dating back to before the invention of the printing press. Though this does not surpass the Latin grammarian Priscian's 900 extant handwritten copies, it places De Officiis far above many classical works. Following the invention of the printing press, De Officiis was the third book to be printed—third only to the Gutenberg Bible and Donatus's Ars Minor, which was the first printed book.[a]

    , but it has been many years since I read it. I don't see it discussed very frequently in Epicurean commentary because I don't recall that it makes as much specific reference to Epicurus as some of his other works, but no doubt the references are there and just need pulling out.

    The Walter Miller translation at Gutenberg is here.

    I'll tag this thread with #Morality and we can add to this section some of our general dicsussions about morality and social duties, and eventually go through this text to pull out what we can find about attitudes toward Epicurean social duties - as referenced in this post by Kalosyni.


    Separation of church and state in the United States - Wikipedia

    Excerpt from the Wikipedia article "Separation of church and state":

    Quote

    The principle is paraphrased from Jefferson's "separation between Church & State". It has been used to express the understanding of the intent and function of this amendment, which allows freedom of religion. It is generally traced to a January 1, 1802, letter by Jefferson, addressed to the Danbury Baptist Association in Connecticut, and published in a Massachusetts newspaper.

    Jefferson wrote:

    Quote

    Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between Man & his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should "make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof," thus building a wall of separation between Church & State. Adhering to this expression of the supreme will of the nation in behalf of the rights of conscience, I shall see with sincere satisfaction the progress of those sentiments which tend to restore to man all his natural rights, convinced he has no natural right in opposition to his social duties.[1]

    This: ..."that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions"...

    and..."I shall see with sincere satisfaction the progress of those sentiments which tend to restore to man all his natural rights, convinced he has no natural right in opposition to his social duties"

    So then the question is what are a person's "social duties"?

  • Cassius
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    • July 23, 2025 at 11:40 AM
    • #2
    Quote from Kalosyni

    This: ..."that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions"...

    and..."I shall see with sincere satisfaction the progress of those sentiments which tend to restore to man all his natural rights, convinced he has no natural right in opposition to his social duties"

    So then the question is what are a person's "social duties"?

    And that's going to take us down a long road of discussing "social duties" in general. We actually don't have an existing thread on Cicero's "On Duties," which is one of his most famous works, so I will set that up and probably move that there to see talk about what might be the Epicurean commentary on that.

  • Cassius
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    • July 23, 2025 at 11:46 AM
    • #3

    Cicero's "De Officiis" is one of his most famous works, but it has been many years since I read it. I don't see it discussed very frequently in Epicurean commentary because I don't recall that it makes as much specific reference to Epicurus as some of his other works, but no doubt the references are there and just need pulling out. I'll tag this thread with #Morality and we can add to this section some of our general dicsussions about morality and social duties.

    De Officiis - Wikipedia
    en.wikipedia.org
  • Kalosyni July 23, 2025 at 12:31 PM

    Changed the title of the thread from “Cicero's "De Officiis" (General)” to “Comparing Cicero's "De Officiis", Thomas Jefferson's "Social Duties", and Epicurean Philosophy”.
  • Kalosyni
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    • July 23, 2025 at 12:32 PM
    • #4

    Here is an article regarding Thomas Jefferson's "social duties":

    Edmund Burke and Thomas Jefferson on Citizen's Duties - Journal of the American Revolution
    In 1790, when Edmund Burke published his Reflections on the Revolution in France, it triggered lots of backlash from people like Thomas Paine, Richard Price,…
    allthingsliberty.com

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