Posts by Don

My first question is "How do you define someone who is 'living free'?"

Or even "What do you mean by 'free'?"

Do you mean living "free" politically? Should I imagine Mel Gibson's William Wallace yelling "Freedom!"

Do you mean living free from fear and anxiety?

I'm assuming New Hampshirites would mean living free from the rule of a king. So, context is important so we don't impose meaning on top of theirs (for the moment!): 3:8 State Motto. – The words "Live Free or Die," written by General John Stark, July 31, 1809, shall be the official motto of the state. Source. 1945, 152:1, eff. May 10, 1945. So it became their motto in 1945 in the context, no doubt, of World War II.
The General John Stark in question penned what would become the motto as the postcript to a letter:

I find it very interesting that Stark included "death is not the greatest of evils." As we know, death is nothing to us. I'll consider the Epicurean implications of this later. For now, that seems to me a fascinating little context for a deceptively simple motto.

Twain was not above using hyperbole to make a point.

I see the same sentiment as here as well as Non Fui Fui Non Sum Non Caro...

VS47. I have anticipated you, Fortune, and entrenched myself against all your secret attacks. And we will not give ourselves up as captives to you or to any other circumstance; but when it is time for us to go, spitting contempt on life and on those who here vainly cling to it, we will leave life crying aloud in a glorious triumph-song that we have lived well.

Twain's quote tells me there's nothing to fear in death, no care, nothing to be worried about.

Oh, and I'm assuming you've seen this. For those who haven't:

Memento Mori mosaic from excavations in the convent of San Gregorio, Via Appia, Rome, Italy. Now in the National Museum Bath of Diocletian, Rome, Italy. The Greek motto gnōthi sauton (know thyself, nosce te ipsum) (c. 1st century, Wikimedia Commons)

Welcome aboard!

Quote from GnothiSeauton

Edit: I just ordered a hardback copy of Dewitt's “Epicurus and His Philosophy” from Abe Books, the online used book store. Excited to read it as I have several other books I'm currently reading on Epicurus. I found this forum during a web search.

My personal go-to book recommendation these days is Dr. Emily Austin's Living for Pleasure. It is a very conversational, accessible introduction to the philosophy and applying it in one's life. We also did podcast interviews with her. Speaking of the Stoics, she wrote an article on that very topic:

Quote from Cassius

But here is he saying that he was "alive" during that hundred million years? ("presence of a deep ...satisfaction?")

No, I don't take it that way at all. I take it the same way as "I was not. I was. I am no longer. I care not."

Annihilation has no terrors for me, because I have already tried it before I was born—a hundred million years—and I have suffered more in an hour, in this life, than I remember to have suffered in the whole hundred million years put together. There was a peace, a serenity, an absence of all sense of responsibility, an absence of worry, an absence of care, grief, perplexity; and the presence of a deep content and unbroken satisfaction in that hundred million years of holiday which I look back upon with a tender longing and with a grateful desire to resume, when the opportunity comes.

p. 69 of Vol. II of The Complete and Authoritative Edition, 2013, University of California Press

Welcome aboard!

Using a combo of the Glossarium, VH2, and Papyri.info, we should be able to find images and transcriptions of almost any of the extant papyri. I am always curious to see the source material for even scholarly reconstructions or "corrections." Call me a skeptic Granted, the images are already interpretations of what's on the physical papyri in many cases, but you gotta work with whatcha got.

Quote from Bryan

Is it P.Herc. 1418?

Sorry, is what P. Herc.1418? U184? Yes. It looks like column 30:

DCLP/Trismegistos 62469 = LDAB 3645

But Papyri.info doesn't have the images for PHerc1418! And that drachma line has A LOT of holes.

Where's that image from in your post?

Herculanensium voluminum quae supersunt collectio altera : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

archive.org

By Zeus!! It took me forever to remember what the Usener citation Vol. Herc. 2, I.127 referred to! I'm placing this here for future reference:

Vol. Herc. 2 or simply VH² refers to Herculanensium voluminum quae supersunt collectio altera in at least 8 volumes. The I is the volume number (ie, volume 1), 127 is the image/plate number. Here is the archive link to all volumes:

Internet Archive: Digital Library of Free & Borrowable Texts, Movies, Music & Wayback Machine

FYI

Hyperborea - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

I took this to mean simply that even if there were students of Epicurus as far away (literally at the ends of the Earth) as Hyperborea, they'd still be expected to send the annual "donation" to the Garden of Athens of 220 drachmae.

I will point out that this amount is evidently a reconstruction of a text:

.κατον γαρ κα- -ικοσι -ρ--μ- ---ας

With the lacunae, I find είκοσι (20) easy enough to see, but I wonder if the reconstruction isn't missing something to do with the annual birthday 20th somehow. I'll have to dig a little more, but I could imagine "donations must be received by the annual 20th celebration" but I would have to dig into finding a manuscript image or examine the Greek MUCH MORE closely. That's just all idle speculation right now! Reader beware.

For reference, and thanks for calling these to my attention:

[ U184 ]

Philodemus, Treatises, Vol. Herc. 2, I.127: "The only contribution I require is that which … ordered the disciples to send me, even if they are among the Hyperboreans. I wish to receive from each of you two hundred and twenty drachmae a year and no more." And in another letter: "Ctesippus brought me the annual tribute, which was sent on behalf of your father and you yourself."

[ U185 ]

Philodemus, Treatises, Vol. Herc. 2, I.118: After having given a sheep to a young boy from an enclosed pen: "Take care of the toy that I have gifted to you."

Quote from Joshua

Bailey doesn't have much to add;

Cyril Bailey, Epicurus; The Extant Remains endnote on page 405

I do think y'all are on to something. Timocrates (*shakes fist in the air*) may have been using the "fact" that Epicurus spent a mina "a day" on food... leaving out the "fact" that that is what sustained the whole resident teachers and staff and students (resident and "commuter") of The Garden, and even then I would suspect a good deal of that was home-grown, at least the fruits and vegetables. I highly doubt the Garden had enough land to grow sufficient barley or wheat. That was likely purchased. Intriguing to consider.

Found this at random on Internet:

"Dustsceawung"

Veronica Esposito

World Literature Today

University of Oklahoma

Volume 98, Number 6, November-December 2024

pp. 40-41 (excerpt below)

The beguiling Old English word dustsceawung is typically translated as “the contemplation of dust,” although its full potential is certainly far richer and more complex than what those few words convey. To take a glance at some of this word’s depths, at Guernica magazine, the poet Maya C. Popa wrote that it means “the acknowledgment of dust as once having been other things, living beings or civilizations past,” adding that “dust requires us to confront our own transience and eventual anonymity, and doing so demands a flexible, inventive use of language.” The nonfiction writer Adam Nicolson poetically defined it as “the daydream of a mind strung between past and present.”

To our modern ears, a word that is all about staring at dust might sound hopelessly strange and archaic. Perhaps this is why, for poet Jane Zwart, who wrote a poem entitled “Dust-sceawung,” the word is evidence of just how much language has managed to name—if a word like this exists, then can anything not have a name? As she told Franchesca Viaud, who interviewed her for the Massachusetts Review:

Quote

That is the kind of amazing lexical gem that makes me think, for a second, that there’s a word for every single thing. I know that’s not really true . . . [b]ut it is true that there are names for a staggering number of things: for tailors’ scraps (carbage!), for the thin ring of light that an eclipse leaks (halation!), for the seed pods that helicopter down from maples (samaras!). I spend a lot of time, in fact, looking for the names of such things when I’m writing. . . . I want my students to get into that habit, too. I want them to understand that so much of language springs just from someone paying exquisite attention to something and wanting to do that something.

It is strange to think that people living in the medieval era had already grown so comfortable with the way that dust forms the common factor of all things that they had a word for it, and stranger still to think that at some point English lost that word and we no longer have it—that we must look back through the centuries to rekindle our fascination with dust. Dustsceawung offers an opportunity to consider all the notions our language has chosen to keep, and which ones it has let fall by the wayside. It is an entry point to questions about what our culture values enough to preserve and what we see the value in paying attention to.

Let’s pay a little more attention to dust for a moment. As the South Korean scholar and translator Sung-Il Lee puts it in an essay, the core of the concept of dustsceawung is “the thought that all existing things, including men and women, will eventually turn into dust.” Stop and think about that (it may be an uncomfortable thought). This cosmic word tells us that, on a long enough timescale, everything will turn into dust, anddust will turn into everything. It’s downright terrifying to imagine it, in that way the Borgesian can sometimes have of bending toward horror.

It’s impossible to know just what thoughts and connotations dustsceawung would have brought to mind to a speaker of Old English, but Lee instructs us that it was associated with themes of mutability, transience, decay, and ruins. In our own time, the invocation of dust conjures up very different images—those of the cosmos: the massive, beautiful nebulae that stars are born in, the disc of dust that our solar system accreted from, the dust clouds that turn into the spectacular vision of Saturn’s rings, and the stardust that emerged from stellar explosions, forming the higher elements without which development of complex life forms would be impossible. Dust connects some of the tiniest objects in our universe to some of the largest.

dustsceawung = pronounced "dust-shay-a-wung")

Quote from TauPhi

The whole article is a perfect illustration why some people should have limited access to a thesaurus, or in the style of the author, the employment of a thesaurus should be categorically and unqualifiedly abstemious.

Well said!

Quote from Cassius

(1) reinforce even a basic introduction with some clear citations that support your position, (2) deal quickly with the citations that appear to undercut your position.

Good reminder for my own work!

I personally only found the original article to use this phrase " pale Epicureans." But I did find this:

The story of the pale Stoic in the storm

Stoicism and fear, from the lost Fifth Book of Epictetus

thephilosophygarden.substack.com

'Are Stoics Ascetics?' by Piotr Stankiewicz

Are Stoics Ascetics? by Piotr Stankiewicz A few days ago I befriended an intelligent young woman on Facebook. We first met following the recent publication of…

modernstoicism.com

Well, this is an annoying little article. I didn't read the whole thing but stopped when I got here:

Quote

But it is not so. Stoicism is not asceticism and a Stoic is not a monk. In fact, it is the school of the pale Epicureans that is closer to the ideal of abstemiousness.

Where does he get "pale"? Did I miss a text? Maybe from Epictetus? I'll have to dig around unless someone knows and shares.

Maybe we can both agree that Diogenes the Cynic was really the ascetic. Throwing away your drinking bowl because you realize you can use your cupped hand... That's ascetic.

For those on the forum based in the US, have a happy Thanksgiving holiday.

For those that live elsewhere, take a moment today to feel gratitude for what you have and the pleasures in your life, no matter if large or small.

VS35. Don't ruin the things you have by wanting what you don't have, but realize that they too are things you once did wish for.

VS55. Misfortune must be cured through gratitude for what has been lost and the knowledge that it is impossible to change what has happened.

https://positivepsychology.com/neuroscience-of-gratitude/

See also

What Science Reveals About Gratitude's Impact on the Brain

New research sheds light on the physiology of gratitude, bringing us closer to being able to understand and harness the health benefits of this powerful…

www.mindful.org